.NET/ASP.NET/C#/VB.NET PDF Document SDK

Ordinary integers can t be larger than 2147483647 (or smaller than 2147483648); if you want really big numbers, you have to use longs. A long (or long integer) is written just like an ordinary integer but with an L at the end. (You can, in theory, use a lowercase l as well, but that looks all too much like the digit 1, so I d advise against it.) In the previous attempt, Python converted the integer to a long, but you can do that yourself, too. Let s try that big number again: >>> 1000000000000000000L 1000000000000000000L

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require 'rubygems' require 'inline' require 'benchmark' class CFactorial class << self inline do |builder| builder.c %q{ long factorial(int value) { long result = 1, i = 1; for (i = 1; i <= value; i++) { result *= i; } return result; } }

end end end class Fixnum def factorial (1..self).inject { |a, b| a * b } end end Benchmark.bm do |bm| bm.report('ruby:') do 100000.times { 8.factorial } end bm.report('c:') do 100000.times { CFactorial.factorial(8) } end end

When you add graphics to the presentation in 7, you know that the slides prepared using BBP don t make much sense unless you look at them in Notes Page view. The same holds true if you send the PowerPoint presentation to someone who couldn t attend the presentation in person, so never send just the slides always send the notes pages. Handouts in the form of notes pages offer quick reading as a printed document. Readers quickly understand the main idea of the document by skimming headlines and visuals from page to page, and they can also spend more time reading narrative detail in the notes area if they want.

user ruby: c:

real 3.110000 ( 0.120000 (

Of course, this is only useful in old versions of Python that aren t capable of figuring this stuff out. Well, can you do math with these monster numbers, too Sure thing. Consider the following: >>> 1987163987163981639186L * 198763981726391826L + 23 394976626432005567613000143784791693659L As you can see, you can mix long integers and plain integers as you like. In all likelihood, you won t have to worry about the difference between longs and ints unless you re doing type checking, as described in 7 and that s something you should almost never do.

10

1.571207) 0.044347)

The C factorial function is so much faster as to barely leave a whisper on the benchmarking times! It s at least 30 times faster. There are certainly ways both implementations could be improved, but this benchmark demonstrates the radical difference between the performance of compiled and interpreted code, as well as the effect of Ruby s objectoriented overhead on performance.

An effective way to send notes pages is in PDF le format, as described in 9. When you e-mail the notes pages in this format, the audience has access to all of the information you want to present but not access to the original PowerPoint le where you keep the graphical materials and editable text you might not want to make available.

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To conclude this section, I should mention that hexadecimal numbers are written like this: >>> 0xAF 175 and octal numbers like this: >>> 010 8 The first digit in both of these is zero. (If you don t know what this is all about, just close your eyes and skip to the next section you re not missing anything important.)

A common complaint about Ruby is that it doesn t support international character sets very well. The world is multilingual, and there are times when your Ruby code will need to reflect this. Unicode is the industry-standard way of representing characters from every writing system in the world. It s the only viable way to be able to manage multiple different alphabets and character sets in a reasonably standard context. When people complain about Ruby s international character support, they re usually complaining about its lack of Unicode support. In Ruby 1.8, this is certainly true, although there are workarounds that I ll cover in this section. However, in Ruby 1.9 and 2.0, the problems have been addressed and Ruby natively supports Unicode and multibyte characters, so you might not need to read this section.